和外国朋友聊天，或在国外聊到烹饪相关话题时，
是不是常有「书到用时方恨少」的痛苦呢？
这篇帮你恶补一下超实用蔬菜名词大集合，
建议收藏慢慢学。
一、根菜类：以肥大的根部为产品器官的蔬菜属于这一类
(1)肉质根——以种子胚根生长肥大的主根为产品
1、radish
（做色拉用的）小萝卜
Oh, it tastes great with mustard and radish.噢！加芥末酱和小萝卜会很美味的
2、turnip
芜青，萝卜
3、carrot
胡萝卜
4、芥菜
Leaf mustard
However, when seed production was considered economically on the highland, only Chinese radish and leaf mustard seed production was profitable, but not for Chinese cabbage.然而，在山区进行蔬菜种子生产，从经济上考虑，只有萝卜和叶用芥菜种子生产有效益，而大白菜种子生产没效益。
5、花椰菜
broccoli
6、甘蓝
cabbage
(2)块根类——以肥大的侧根或营养芽发生的根膨大为产品
1、牛蒡
Arctium lappa
2、葛薯
Pachyrhizus erosus
3、番薯
sweet potato
Boiled taro, sweet potato, beans, sago in cold coconut milk.煮好的加了芋头，红薯，豆和西米的冷椰奶。These include turkey, sweet potatoes, squash, corn, cranberries and pumpkin pie.这些食物有：火鸡、番薯、南瓜、玉米、草莓和南瓜馅饼。
二、茎菜类：以肥大的茎部为产品的蔬菜。
1、莴笋
lettuce
2、竹笋
bamboo shoots
It is well known that bamboo shoots are a panda’s staple diet.竹笋是熊猫的主要食物，这是人所共知的。
3、马铃薯（土豆）
potato
Potatoes are still the most popular food, followed by white bread.马铃薯仍然是最受欢迎的食物，其次是白面包。
4、莲藕
lotus root（lotus是莲花）
5、姜
ginger
6、芋头
taro
The products are developed into many varieties, like mushroom, apple slice, pearslice,carrot slice, sweet potato, and golden-thread date, etc.主要包括香菇片、苹果片、梨片、胡萝卜片和土豆、甘薯、芋头、冬枣、金丝小枣等多种新产品。
7、马蹄（荸荠）
water chestnut
三、叶菜类：以鲜嫩叶片及叶柄为产品的蔬菜
(1)普通叶菜类
1、小白菜
pakchoi
2、芥蓝
cabbage mustard
3、菠菜
spinach
4、芹菜
celery
I have a thing about celery. I can’t stand it.我很讨厌芹菜，我受不了。
(2)结球叶菜类
1、卷心菜
2、大白菜
Chinese Cabbage
We have a lot of Chinese cabbage in store for the winter.我们已经储存了大量的大白菜过冬。
(3)辛香叶菜类
1、大葱
Green Chinese onion
2、韭菜
leek
When he first came to the countryside, he couldn’t tell wheat from Chinese chives.他刚到农村时，连麦子韭菜都分不清。
3、茴香
fennel
(4)鳞茎类——由叶鞘基部膨大形成鳞茎
1、洋葱
onion
Mix the meat with the onion, carrot, and some seasoning.把肉和洋葱、胡萝卜及一些佐料搅拌在一起。
2、大蒜
garlic
I’ve not been sparing with the garlic我总是用很多大蒜。
3、百合
lily（artichoke则是指洋百合）
四、花菜类：以花器或肥嫩的花枝为产品
1、花椰菜
cauliflower; broccoli
2、黄花菜
day lily
Day lily is a traditional hi eat vegetables.黄花菜是人们喜吃的一种传统蔬菜。
五、果菜类：以果实及种子为产品
(1)瓠果类
1、南瓜
pumpkin
Did you make my favourite pumpkin pie?您做了我最喜欢的南瓜馅饼了吗？
2、黄瓜
cucumber
The shelves were filled with all sorts of vegetables–eggplants, cucumbers,cabbages, tomatoes.茄子啊，黄瓜啊，卷心菜啊，西红柿啊，各种蔬菜摆满了货架。
3、西瓜
watermelon
It is almost winter and watermelons have long gone out of season.都快冬天了，西瓜早就下市了。
4、冬瓜
white gourd
5、哈密瓜
Hami melon
6、丝瓜
luffa
7、苦瓜
bitter gourd
If I ask you, bitter gourd, and berberine, what in common?如果我问你，苦瓜和黄连，有什么共同特点？
8、佛手瓜
chayote
(2)浆果类
1、番茄
tomato
Norman cut open his pie and squirted tomato sauce into it.诺尔曼切开自己的派，往里面挤了点番茄酱。
2、茄子
eggplant
Brush the aubergines with oil, add salt and pepper, and bake till soft. Meanwhile, heat theremaining oil in a heavy pan.把油涂在茄子上，加盐和胡椒烤至松软。与此同时，在厚锅中加热剩余的油。
3、辣椒
chilli
You can taste the chilli in the dish but it is a little sweet.你可以尝出菜里面有辣椒，不过味道有点甜。
4、甜椒
sweet pepper
Vegetables such as peppers can overpower the flavor of the stock.像甜椒这样的蔬菜会抢了原汤的味道。
(3)荚果类
1、豌豆
peas
The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.牛排老得嚼不动，豌豆像子弹一样硬。
2、蚕豆
Horsebean,Broadbean
But spring is the time for cucumber, fava bean and capsicum.但春天是黄瓜，蚕豆和青椒的季节了。
3、毛豆
green soybean
There was no significant difference between the quality of organic and conventionalbroccolis, cucumbers and vegetable soybeans.不同方式栽培西兰花、黄瓜、毛豆的品质无显著差异。
(4)杂果类
1、玉米
corn（美式）maize（英式）
We can grow sorghum or corn on this plot.这块地可以种高粱或玉米。
2、秋葵
okra；gumbo
Soul food is a varied cuisine: it includes spicy gumbos, black-eyed peas, and collardgreens.黑人的食物可谓五花八门：有辣味的秋葵汤，有豇豆，还有羽衣甘蓝叶。
3、草莓
strawberry
The strawberries are kept in cold storage to prevent them spoiling duringtransportation.草莓在运输过程中要冷藏，以防止变质。
六、菌类
1、木耳
agaric
‘fish fragrant’ pork slices with steamed lettuce and cloud ear shreds.加了莴笋和木耳的鱼香肉丝。
2、香菇
mushroom
But some people prefer the savoury fillings made from meat, mushroom and greenvegetables.但也有人喜欢由肉、香菇和青菜做成的咸味馅料。
3、银耳
tremella
Spring should be eating some light, eat more vegetables and some edible mushrooms,such as black fungus, tremella, mushrooms, mushrooms, and so on.春季饮食应清淡一些，多吃蔬菜和一些食用菌，如黑木耳、银耳、蘑菇、香菇等。
4、灵芝
Ganodorma lucidum
5、金针菇
tiger lily buds
［延伸］这些蔬菜要怎么处理呢？常用动词：
切；割；剪；削；砍：cut
薄片，切片，片：slice
剁碎：mince
削皮：pare; peel
剥……的皮：skin
剥：strip
切丁：dice
磨碎：grind
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